Boiler-furnace.



No. 756,382. PATBNTBD APR. 5, 1904. J. P. LESTER.

BOILER FURNAGE.

APPLIOATIDN FILED MAY 1, 1903.

@mi human No. 756,382. PATBNTED APR. 5, 1904.

J. P. LESTER.

BOILER FURNACE.

APPLIOATION FILED MAY 1. 190s. No MODEL. 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

"7* Magenta:

70 Juif/e6 f1? 963e? UNiini) STATES Patented April 5, 1904.

PATENT OFFICE.

JAMES FRANKLIN LESTER, OF ATLANTA, GEORGIA, ASSIGNOR TO HIM- SELF ANDOUYLER SMITH, TRUSTEES, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

BOlLER-FURNACE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 756,382, dated 'April5, 1904.

Application filed May l, 1903. Serial No. 155,205. (No model.)

To all 1,071,011@ it may crm/067%:

Be it known that I, JAMES FRANKLIN LES- TER, a citizen of the UnitedStates, residing at Atlanta, in the county of Fulton and State ofGeorgia, have invented certain newand useful Improvements inBoiler-Furnaces; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full,

clear, and exact description of the invention,

such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains tomake and use the same.

This invention relates to improvements in a combined boiler and furnace.

The present practice of generating steam is to pass the products ofcombustion through tubes in one class of boilers for heating the Water.Then again it is the practice in another class of boilers to apply theproducts of combustion direct to the under side of the boiler structure.In the former case the Water at the top becomes hotter than that at thebottom, resulting in seriously effecting the steampressure when suddenloads or pulls are applied and the steam is drawn on, While in the othercase the excessive heat incident to the products of combustioncontacting with the boiler soon destroys the metal, and its life isextremely limited.

It is my purpose and the object of this invention to-he'at the underside of the boiler by hot air and provide means to thoroughly comminglethe gases that they Will readily ignite in a preliminarycombustion-chamber and pass the ignited gases through variable-sizedtubes into a commingling-chamber, Where the residue of gases andproducts of combustion are mixed with the hot air coming from the underside of the boiler Whichadds intensity to the heat, whereupon theescaping products of combustion again pass through a series of tubes tothe exit-line. This arrangement of tubes and means for mixing the gasesenables me to heat the Water throughout, Whichreformly throughout theWhole volume of Water, and at the same time the life of the metalstructure is prolonged.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a vertical sec-4 tion of my improved boilerand furnace. Fig. 2 is a cross-section of the same on the line A A,Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is an enlarged detail vieW of the air-inlet flues. Fig. 4is a horizontal section taken through the lire-brick block which isinterposed through the fireboX and preliminary combustion-chamber.

The same numerals refer to like parts in all the figures.

1 represents a furnace-casing of a {ire-box 2, grate 3, ash-pit 4, andpreliminary combustion-chamber 5.

Interposed between the lire-box 2 and the preliminary combustion-chamber5 is a block of suitable fire-brick construction 13, which is providedWith a series of vertically-arranged combustion-fines 6, communicatingwith the iire-boX 2 and preliminary combustion-chamber 5. Pockets 7 areformed in the block 13,

and communicating With a number of these pockets are fines 8, which openat their outer ends to the atmosphere, dampers 9 being provided toregulate the introduction of air. Radiating from the pockets 7 areair-fines 10, which communicate With the air-lues 6, the air introducedthrough the iues 8 being distributed to the pockets and ilue 6, as Willbe hereinafter described. A damper 11 may also be arranged to admit airinto the preliminary combustion-chamber 5. Other iues 12 pass throughthe blocks 13, but do not in any Wise communicate With the-'lues 6 orpockets 7 Dampers 15 control the admission of air to the lues 12 at theend opening to the atmosphere, While the opposite ends of the iiuescommunicate with a space 16 under the boiler now to be described.

In carrying out my invention I employ a boiler having tubes of varyingdiameters, the tubes nearest the bottom being the largest, as at 18, andthey are located intermediate the preliminary combustion chamber 5 and acommingling-chamber 19.

2() and 21 represent the usual water-legs,

and through the latter the fines 12 enter the space 16. The space 16under the boiler communicates with the flues 12 and thecommingling-chamber 19, where all the products of combustion enter inescaping to the exit-Hue.

The upper portion of the boiler is longer than the lower portion, and itextends over the preliminary combustion chamber and forms the topthereof. Tubes 22 extend from the commingling-.chamber 19 to theopposite end of the boiler over the preliminary combustion-chamber, andthese tubes are considerably smaller in diameter than the tubes '18, butare more numerous.

While the diameter of the tubes 18 is greater than the tubes 22, Iprovide them with a series of projections to form resistances for theproducts of combustion in escaping to the commingling-chamber. I preferto construct these tubes with a series of alternate annular projectionsand grooves 211 and 25. Obviously the products of combustionencountering -these projections divides the molecules of gas The gasesare liberated in the fire-box 2 and immediately they enter the flues 6they are mixed with heated air and expansion takes place, and by thetime the preliminary combustion-chamber 5 is reached the expanded gasesonce free contact with each other, which further tends to ignite them.The air entering the flues 8 is first delivered to the pockets 7, whereit is distributed to the adjacent flues 6 and intersectsv and mixes withthe escapingy products of combustion, and as the flues 10,

Y adjacent the flues 6 first receiving the air, are

in line with those leading from the pockets 7 it necessarily followsthat a large proportion of the blast of air, as well as a portion of theproducts of combustion, will be distributed to the adjacent pockets 'andfrom there drawn to the remaining iues 6 and mixed with the gasestherein. I find that by introducing the heated air in streams and at anangle to the rising products of combustion a highly beneficial mixingaction takes place, which not only assists in igniting the gases, buttends to force and distribute the products of combustion to the variousflues and pockets and thence to the iiues 6 with which they communicate.It can therefore be appreciated that as the block 13 is immediately overthe fire, coupled with the fact that the products of combustion permeatethe whole structure, it is heated to an exceedingly high degree of gasesare sure to pass unignited, and to make sure the temperature will bemaintained after they leave the preliminary combustion I exhaust theheated air from under the boiler into the commingling-chamber19. Thisair, like that delivered from the flues 6, is thoroughly heated intransit through the block 13 and space 16. The heated air while servingto heat the water does not act on the metal of the boiler like a flame,which adds considerable longevity to the boiler. After the products ofcombustion pass through the tubes 18 they enter the commingling andsecondary combustionfchamber 19, where, as before stated, further mixingof the air and gases takes place, which adds intensity to the heatpassing through the tubes 22. `By the time the exit-Hue 27 is reachedpratically all the gases are consumed, for by mixing and agitating theproducts of combustion, as herein described, all the ignitible gasessubject to the average ignitible temperature are consumed, and toutilize the heat incident thereto the exit-Hue runs parallel andadjacent the boiler. By passing the products of combustion through thelarge tubes having the series of projections disintegrates and expandsthe gases in such a manner that when the commingling and secondarychamber is reached the air from the space 16 is readily intermixed and auniform temperature is produced. The uniformity of temperature iscontinued through the upper tubes 22 and serves to uniformly heat thewater throughout its volume, resulting in producing steam-pressure,which when subject to sudden impulses will be more readily replenished.

What I claim as new is 1. The combination with a furnace Vcomposed of are-box, a preliminary combustionohamber, a block having fiues interposedbetween the fire-box and the preliminary combustion-chamber, and beingfurthervprovided with flues which communicate with the atmosphere, aboiler, a commingling-chamber, a space being formed under the boilerwhich communicates with the commingling-chamber and the flues in theblock which communicate with the atmosphere, substantially as described.

2. The combination with a furnace composed of a lire-box, a preliminarycombustionchamber, a block having flues interposed between thev lire-boxand the preliminary com- IOO IIO

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bustion-chamber, a boiler having variable size iues, acommingling-chamber, the fines communicating with the preliminarycombustionchamber and the comminglingchamber, a Space being lformedunder the boiler which communicates With the commingling-chamber, meansfor supplying heated air to said space,- and a series of iues in theboiler which communicate with l[he commingling-chamber and an exit,substantially as described.

3. The combination with a furnace composed of Vmeans into which theproducts of combustion enter and expand, air-fines in said means forintroducing air to the products of combustion, said means also beingprovided with combustion-dues, a boiler, a flue or fines in the boiler,a commingling-chamber, the iiues of the boiler communicating With thecommingling-chamber and a space formed under the boiler whichcommunicates at one end with the commingling-chamber and at its oppositeend with the combustion flue or lines, substantially as described.

4.. The combination with a furnace, a boiler having fines larger at thebottom than at theV top, a commingling-chamber, the fines of the boilercommunicating with said comminglingchamber, a flue or fiues whichcommunicate at one end with the atmosphere and are located within theinfluence of the fire of the furnace, a space being formed below theboiler which communicates at one end with the commingling-chamber and atits copposite end with the iue or ues, substantially as described.

5. The combination with a furnace, a block therein, a series ofcombustion-fines in the block through which the products of combustionpass, intermediate pockets Within the block, lines communicating withthe atmosphere to supply the pockets with air, flues communicating withthe pockets and the combustion-fines, a preliminary combustion-chamber,the series of flues in the block communicating with the saidcombustion-chamber, a commingling-chamber, a boiler, fiues in the boilerwhich have internal projections, said iues communicating with thepreliminary combustion chamber, and the comminglingchamber, and anexit-line, substantially as described.

6. The combination with a furnace, having a fire-box and a preliminarycombustion-chamber, a commingling-chamber, a boiler whose iiuescommunicate with the preliminary combustion-chamber and thecommingling-chamber, a space being formed under the'boiler,

and means for introducing heated air to said space, the lattercommunicating with the commingling-chamber, substantially as described.

7. The combination with a furnace,having a fire-box and a preliminarycombustion-chamber, a commingling-chamber, a boiler having a series ofvariable size fines, the latter communicating with the preliminarycombustionchamber and the commingling-chamber, a series of projectionsin said fines, a space being formed under the boiler and communicatingwith the commingling-chamber,and means for supplying said space withheated air, substantially as described.

8. The combination with a furnace,having a lire-box and a preliminarycombustion-chamber, a commingling-chamber, a boiler having variable sizeiues which communicate with the preliminary combustion-chamber and thecommingling-chamber, a space being formed under said boiler andcommunicating with the commingling chamber, means for supplying saidspace with heated air, a second set of tubes in the boiler, and aneXitflue adjacent the boiler, the second set of tubes communicating withthe commingling-chamber and the exitflue, substantially as described.

9. rJhe combination with a furnace having a iire-box and a preliminarycombustion-chamber, a block intermediate the fire-box and preliminarycombustion-chamber,a series of combustion-fines formed in the block, aseries of pockets in the block, air-fines communicating with the pocketsand the combustion-fines, and means for introducing air to the pocketsand thence to the 'lues by means of the air-hues, substantially asdescribed.

l0. The combination with a furnace composed of a combustion-chamber, acommingling-chamber, a boiler intermediate the combustion-chamber andthe commingling-chamber, iues in said boiler which communicate with thecombustion chamber and the comminglingchamber, a space formed adjacentthe boiler, said space communicating with the commingling-chamber, andcombustion-fines formed adjacent the combustion-chamber andcommunicating with the atmosphere and the space adjacent the boiler,substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I afiX my signature in presence of two witnesses.

JAMES FRANKLIN LESTER.

Witnesses:

J. A. BRANCH, SADIE S. WORKMAN.

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